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1800, nitrous oxide; phrenology; Herschel discovers infrared solar rays; Royal College Surgeons founded UK; 1st battery; muskets;
1801, 1st submarine; 1st iron trolley tracks;
1802, Dalton's atomic theory; Herschel disc. binary stars; term “biology” coined;
1803, cerium; Fulton's steam boat; Shrapnel shell;
1804, palladium; 1st dallias in UK;
1805, rockets re-introduced as weapons in UK army; morphine;
1806, electrolytic method of preparing potash & soda; Beaufort's wind scale;
1807, UK prohibits slave trade; gas street lighting in London;
1808, Pompeii excavations begin;
1809, Braille reading system for the blind;
1810, homeopathy; canning food;
1811, Avogadro's molecular composition of gases; Bell's anatomy of the brain; “Luddites” destroy industrial machines in UK;
1812, machine for spinning flax; the ancient hidden Hellenistic city of the Nabataeans called “
Petra” is re-discovered by the Western world, in Jordan at the end of a 2km path between a narrow 300m high rocky gorge (the Siq) by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt.
1813,
1814, Stephenson's 1st practical steam engine;
1815, miner's safety lamp; Fresnel's diffraction of light; UK Apothecaries Act forbids unqualified doctors to practice; crushed stone roads;
1816, kaleidoscope; stethoscope; metronome;
1817, selenium; lithium;
1818, Chubb's detector lock; Encke's comet; cadmium;
1819, isomorphism; flat-bed cylinder press for printing; electromagnetism;
1820, ballown, a form of soccer in US; platinum deposits found in Russia;
1821, electromagnetic rotation fundamentals; thermoelectricity; Wheatstone sound reproduction;
1822, diorama; lenses for lighthouses perfected; 1st iron railroad bridge;
1823, Babbage's calculating machine; chlorine liquefied; Macintosh's waterproof fabric; “The Lancet”;
1824, Portland cement; sperm is essential for fertilisation; electromagnet;
1825, benzene; oxygen-hydrogen limelight; 1st passenger railroad;
1826, Lobachevsky's non-Euclidean geometry; galvanometer; aniline;
1827, mammalian ova; Bright's disease; photographs on a metal plate; Ohm's law; screw propeller; sand filter for water; aluminium;
1828, Abel's elliptic functions; “Promethean match”, organic chemistry; urea synthesis;
1829, breechloading needle gun; electromagnetic motor; Smithsonian Institution; London omnibuses; typewriter;
1830, cell nucleus in plants; geologic time divided into eocene, miocene & pliocene; paraffin;
1831, chloroform; Faraday - electromagnetic induction; friction matches;
1832, creosote;
1833, electromagnetic telegraph; Wheatstone bridge;
1834, Babbage's analytical engine; theory of volcanism; law of electrolysis; reaping machine; phenol;
1835, colt pistol;
1836, voltaic cell that prevents polarisation; acetylene; white phosphorus matches; pepsin; harvester;
1837, Morse's electric telegraph; UK official birth registration;
1838, parallax measurement for a fixed star;
1839, Goodyear's vulcanisation of rubber; electrotyping; lanthanum; ozone; cell-growth theory; electric clock;
1840, artificial fertiliser; beginning of the
age of the railway and passenger steamships in England; postage stamps & start of efficient postal services;
1841, hypnosis; spermatazoa; neuron doctrine; standard screw threads proposed;
1842, ether for surgical anaesthesia; strychnine; quinine;
1843, contagious nature of puerperal fever; Joule; erbium; mercerised textiles;
1844, safety match proposed;
1845, hydraulic crane; power loom for carpets; 1st submarine cable across English Channel; combing machine; acetic acid synthesised;
1846, Singer's sewing machine; protoplasm; ether as anaesthetic; nitroglycerine; 1st painted Xmas card; Carl Zeiss optical factory;
1847, Boole's mathematic analysis of logic; evaporated milk;
1848, safety match; appendicectomy;
1849, speed of light; amyl; safety pin;
1850, glycogenic function of the liver; gas burner; 2nd law of thermodynamics & kinetic theory of gases; primary numbers;
1851, ophthalmoscope; high tension induction coil;
1852, plaster bandages; “evolution” 1st used;
1853, hypodermic syringe;
1854, laryngoscope; electric light bulb;
1855, rayon; printing telegraph; tungsten steel; turret lathe;
1856, Bessemer's steel manufacture; cocaine; aniline dye; ductile steel;
1857, Pasteur - fermentation is by living organisms;
1858, Lister - coagulation of blood; mirror galvanometer;
1859, 1st oil well drilled (Pennsylvania), driven by discovery of kerosene synthesis & kerosene lamps as whale oil was on the decline; 1st practical storage battery; steamroller; spectroscope;
1860, caesium; rubidium; 1st practical internal combustion engine; cork linoleum;
1861, thallium; Archaeopteryx skeleton linking reptiles & birds; machine-chilled cold storage unit;
1862, Gatling gun; earth currents; starch is produced by photosynthesis;
1863, paper dress patterns; microstructure of steel & metallurgy; open-hearth steel furnace; player piano;
1864, Bertrand's treatise on differential & integral calculus; pasteurisation (of wine); 1st salmon cannery;
1865, Atlantic cable completed; composition billiard ball replacing ivory; benzene ring theory; antiseptic surgery; ice machine; Mendel's law of heredity; 1st oil pipeline; Pasteur saves French silk industry by curing silkworm disease; carpet sweeper;
1866, dynamite; underwater torpedo;
1867, bicycles; Monier patents reinforced concrete; Sth African diamonds;
1868, Cro-Magnon man skeleton; oleomargarine; lawn mower; air brake;
1869, Galton's eugenics; celluloid; periodic law for elements;
1870, the new automatic train brake allowed trains to stop within 1/10th previous distance & thus allowed faster & heavier trains to be built.
1871, pneumatic rock drill; leprosy bacillus;
1872, Billroth resects oesophagus; Edison's duplex telegraph;
1873, color photography; Remington typewriters;
1874, excavation of Olympia; streptococci; staphylococci; osteopathy; pressure cooking methods;
1875, gallium;
1876, telephone; anthrax bacillus; excavation Mycenae; petrol carburettor;
1877, oxygen liquefied; phonograph; Koch's bacterial staining;
1878, microphone; iodoform as antiseptic; repeater rifle; Benz's motorised tricycle;
1879, electric tram; saccharin; scandium; London's 1st telephone exchange;
1880, Edison's 1st practical electric lights causes start of decline for need for kerosene; malarial parasite; chicken cholera vaccine; electrostatic generator;
1881,
1882, beginnings of psychoanalysis; hydroelectric plant designed; machine gun;
1883, synthetic fibre; Koch's preventative innoculation against anthrax; 10 story skyscraper in Chicago;
1884, phagocytes; tetanus bacillus; 1st practical steam turbine engine; electrical precipitation;
1885, incandescent gas mantle; rabies vaccine; individuality of fingerprints; Benz's single cylinder engine for car; Eastmann's coated photographic paper;
1886, fluorine; aminopyrine; steam sterilisation; aluminium by hydrolysis; hydroelectric installations at Niagara Falls; Coca-Cola invented by Pemberton in Atlanta;
1887, phenacetin; celluloid film;
1888, Tesla's electric motor; Kodak box camera; Dunlop's pneumatic tyre; radio waves; ballpoint pen;
1889, cordite; pancreas secretes insulin; punch card system;
1890, rubber gloves in surgery; antitoxins; 1st moving picture shows;
1891, wireless telegraphy; zipper;
1892, viscose; Diesel's internal combustion engine; automatic telephone switchboard; Swarovski's crystal cutting machine;
1893, Benz's 4 wheel car; Ford's 1st car; coke oven;
1894, cinematograph; horizontal gramophone disc; argon;
1895, X-rays; radio telegraphy; motion picture camera; rocket propulsion principle; machine for liquefaction of air; Gillette safety razor;
1896, helium; radioactivity;
1897, cathode rays; electron;
1898, xenon; krypton; neon; dysentery bacillus; radium; polonium; Zeppelin's airship;
1899, alpha & beta rays; magnetic recording of sound;