1803:
Convict William Buckley, the “Wild White Man”, escapes from Sullivans Bay - Port Phillip's first European settlement -near what is now Sorrento. He wanders to the other side of the bay and is the first white man to explore the rugged coast, past the future sites of Breamlea, Torquay, Anglesea and Aireys Inlet. Just past the site of Lorne, at Mt Defiance, he not only discovers a good food source, but it is also where his contact with Aborigines begins. The relationship lasts 32 years, with Buckley living a nomadic life along the coast and inland.
1843: First detailed coastal survey undertaken
1846: William Urquhart does the first land survey of the area to set the boundaries for the County of Grant.
1859:
Modern telecommunications comes to the coast when the electric telegraph line from Melbourne is established. It follows a route to Geelong and then inland to Winchelsea. From Winchelsea, it heads for the coast at Moggs Creek, near Aireys Inlet, before following a coastal route to Cape Otway. Here it links with the submarine cable to King Island and Tasmania. A bridle path along the telegraph line's route becomes a well-used, albeit extremely challenging and dangerous, track to settlements at Lorne and Apollo Bay.
1874:
Mining engineers reporting on the coalfields at Lorne and Apollo Bay, describe the remoteness of the coast, the dangers it presents to vessels and the rugged and winding nature of the path. One suggests developing a new, less formidable route that coul one day form the basis of a permanent road.
1890:
Lands Department officer Malcolm Taylor suggests an ocean road between Geelong and Apollo Bay as a defence line. Commandant of the Victorian Forces, Sir Charles Hollard Smith, and Colonel Appleton review the plans but reject them on the grounds the road would help an invader and allow easy access to Melbourne.
1891: Split Point lighthouse opening in September at Aireys Inlet prompts residents' call for road between Anglesea and Lorne.
1909:
A high-rainfall year makes the inland route between Deans Marsh and Lorne almost impassable. Calls grow for a coastal road linking Lorne with Geelong via Aireys Inlet, Anglesea and Torquay. “There is no question as to Lorne being an ideal place for a holiday, either in summer or winter, but to ensure it remaining so, the approaches will have to be improved and made easier for travellers, although its very remoteness is one of its greatest charms.”
1912: The Country Roads Board (CRB) is formed. Hopes are high that something will be done towards a coastal road.
1915: CRB opens road from Bellbrae (then known as Jan Juc) to Anglesea, which follows part of the coast. It comes under fire for its rough state.
1916:
The motor car craze starts to take hold. Although the only road into Lorne is a rough track from Deans Marsh, the proprietors of Erskine House build a garage capable of accommodating 50 cars. In October, a press report highlights the pitfalls of travelling the road: “A car from one of the Geelong garages got through yesterday, but passed on the way another car stuck up two miles from Lorne, which at one stage of the journey, had lost a wheel. Cars bound for Lorne are advised to leave their passengers at Deans Marsh and let them be carried the remainder of the distance by coach, or to proceed by other means.”
1918: Officially, the Great Ocean Road Trust is founded at Colac on March 22, 1918, and a promotional brochure extolling the road's potential virtues as “Our Boys” memorial, “a worthy memorial to all Victorian soldiers and a national asset for Victoria” launched.
1922: The Governor of Victoria, Lord Stradbroke, officially opens the The Great Ocean Road but still needs substantial improvements. An upcoming solar eclipse provides the cash-strapped Ocean Road Trust with a new source of funds. The plan is to sell up to 20,000 “eclipse gazers” for one shilling each (10 cents), raising 1000 pounds ($2000) for the trust. But eventually the road is closed for construction works and reopens in December with tolls (25c per car) which remain for next 14 yrs.
1930: road is extended to Cumberland River then to Wye River where blocks of land were sold to help fund the road.
1931: the ocean route from Geelong to Lorne finally becomes superior to the Deans marsh route.
1932: ocean road now allows travel from Geelong to Warrnambool but metal finish takes a few more years.
1939: Ocean Road Trust sells its last assets - land in Wye River, Big Hill and at Eastern View. The second memorial arch over the road is erected. It weighs 50 tons, has a clearance of 25 feet (8.3 metres) to traffic and is 50 feet wide (16.7 metres).
1954: ocean road is closed after heavy floods cut the road;
1971: Thousands of tonnes of rock threaten to crash onto the Great Ocean Road at Windy Point, eight kilometres from Lorne towards Apollo Bay. The CRB moves to indefinitely close the road to all traffic. Wye River residents complain the closure is harming their town. They now have to travel 144 miles (232km) for a return trip to Lorne, which is only 10 miles (16km) away. Road reopens in December after being closed for 6 months.
1983: Ash Wednesday bush fires:
The devastating Ash Wednesday bushfires along the Great Ocean road claim three lives and destroy more than 700 houses. The fire starts near Deans Marsh and quickly spreads through the bush to Lorne. A southerly changes the fire front hurtling towards Eastern View, Fairhaven, Aireys Inlet and Anglesea. The fire destroys a number of bridges on the Great Ocean Road and the famous memorial arch at Fairhaven.
1985: floods:
Dec 2015: bushfires severely impact Wye River valley with over 100 houses destroyed