France/Germany: 

Merovingian German Frankish dynasty (465-751):

Clovis I 465-511

• feudal states 476-1553
• Gothic dynasty of Italy (488AD-553AD)
• 488AD, Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, invaded Italy, & after slaying Odoacer, became ruler of Italy until his death in 526AD. The Goths espoused the heretical creed of Arianism.

• Teutonics (Angles, Saxons & Jutes) invade England (early 5thC) and push the Britons west to survive only in the mountains of Wales & Cornwall. Britain became known as Angle-land (England) and the language changed to Anglo-Saxon & the religion to the pagan worship of Odin & Thor.

Italy:

• 535AD, Justinian I of the Eastern Roman Empire, started a war to expel the Germanic invaders which ended in 553AD at the death of Teias, the last of the Gothic kings 

• The Jutes held the Isle of Wight & land to the north
• The Saxons established themselves in Wessex on the south coast
• The Angles ruled:
  • Mercia in the Midlands
  • East Anglia on the east coast
  • Northumbria in the northeast

• Lombard dynasty of Italy (590AD-774)
• 568AD, brief Byzantine rule ends with Italy being invaded by the Lombards, another Germanic tribe. Alboin, their king, made Pavia the capital of his realm & deprived the Byzantines of power in Italy except for the southern regions & Ravenna in the north.
• like the Goths before them, the Lombards espoused the heretical creed of Arianism, creating conflict with the Christian church as its powers increased.
• when Alboin died in 572AD, the Lombards for a time had no king

• 597AD, Augustine an Italian monk, landed with 40 followers on the coast of Kent, sent by Gregory I to win the angles over to the Christian faith
  • baptised Ethelbert, king of Kent
  • repaired the old Roman church at Canterbury & founded a Benedictine abbey there.

Italy:

• the Lombard king Agiluf (r. 590-615) was converted to Christianity, but although for a time there was peace, conflicts between the Lombards & the Church recurred. 

Boniface IV 608-15

John IV 640-2

Theodore I 642-9

• St Boniface, the English Benedictine missionary (c675-754)

Constantine 708-15

Paul I 757-67

Pepin the Short 751-68

• est. papal power 756AD by donating land

Adrian I 772-95

Leo III 795-816

• defeated Lombards in Italy in 774AD
• converted Saxons by vigorous persecution
• crowned emperor of Holy Roman Empire
• establishes knighthoods

Carloman 768-771

• The Venerable Bede - a monk
• Ecgbert - 1st archbishop of York 780
• Alcuin (735-804), the English scholar

Pascal I 817-24

Eugene II 824-7

Valentine 827

Gregory IV 827-44

Egbert of Wessex 802-39

Leo IV 847-55

Benedict III 855-8

• Saracens take Sicily & threaten Rome

Danes invade England 850AD onwards

Ethelbert 860-6

Martin II 882-4

Adrian III 884-5

Stephen V 885-91

Formosus 891-6

Boniface VI 896

Stephen VI 896-7

Romanus, Theo II 897

Guido of Spoleto 888-94

Berengar of Friuli 894-924

HRE 905-24

Hugh of Provence (-947)

• checked the Saracen invasion of Italy

Louis III + Carloman 879-882

Carloman 882-4

Charles the Fat 884-7

Eudes (Capetian) 888-898

• drove out the Vikings (Danes)
• began English prose by translating Latin books into Anglo-Saxon
• built schools
• ordered the 'Anglo-Saxon Chronicle', the 1st historical record of England to begin

Benedict IV 900-3

Leo V 903

Sergius III 903-11

Anastasius III 911-3

Lando 913-4

John X 914-28

• Normans converted in 911AD in return for land - Normandy

• Good King Wenceslaus 922-9
  • tried to unite the warring factions
  • murdered by his brother on his way to mass

Stephen VII 928-31

John XI 931-5

Raoul of Burgundy 923-36

Stephen VIII 939-42

Martin III 942-6

Agapetus II 946-55

Edred 946-55

• 954 England unified

Leo VIII 963-5

Benedict V 964

John XIII 965-72

Benedict VI 973-4

Benedict VII 974-83

Ottononian dynasty:

Otto I 962-73

• Germanic leader who after obtaining Nth Italy was crowned emperor by pope John XII thus formally establishing the HRE & the German nation 

Otto II 973-80

Edgar 959-75

Edward the Martyr 975-8

• son of King Edgar
• murdered

John XV 985-96

Gregory V 996-9

Capetians:

Hugh Capet 987-996

• son of King Edgar & Elfryth
• enthroned aged 10yr after half-brother was murdered
• continuously staved off Viking raids often by paying them tributes
• married Emma, daughter of Richard I of Normandy in 1002
• fled to Normandy when invaded by Svein Haraldsson of Denmark
• returned 1004 but died in 1016 

John XVII 1003

John XVIII 1003-09

Sergius IV 1009-12

Benedict VIII 1012-24

John XIX 1024-32

Salien / Franconia dynasty (911-1137):

Conrad II (990)-1039

• son of Ethelred II & Emma
• 1015, defied his father by marrying the widow of a Danish earl in Mercia
• raised an army in Mercia against Canute & was crowned king but reigned for few months only until he died

Canute the Dane 1016-35

• Svein Haraldsson's son
• when his father died, went back to Denmark where his eldewr brother had inherited the throne
• returned to England in 1015 with his army & defeated Edmund at battle of Ashington in Essex & although failed to capture London, controlled rest of England as its undisputed king & made 4 earldoms, appointing the AngloSaxon Godwin as earl of Wessex.
• summoned Ethelred II's wife Emma to marry in 1017
• inherited throne of Denmark 1018 & by 1030 also became king of Norway
• Emma died in 1052

Sylvester III 1045

Gregory VI 1045-6

Clement II 1046-7

Benedict IX 1047-8

Damascus II 1048

Leo IX 1048-54

Victor II 1055-57

Stephen IX 1057-8

Nicholas II 1058-61

Hardicanute 1040-2

• son of Canute & Emma

Edward the Confessor 1042-66

• son of Ethelred II & Emma, reared by French monks
• banished Godwin, a powerful Saxon earl who revolted against him & as he was childless, named William of Normandy his successor, but the Witan elected Godwin's rich and powerful son Harold to become king when Edward died, despite Harold having been coerced by William of Normandy earlier to swear that William would be the successor.

Gregory VII 1073-85

Victor III 1086-7

Norman invasion lucky to defeat Harold II at the Battle of Hastings after Harold II had defeated the Norwegians in northern England just 3 days earlier. Another half an hour and nightfall would have allowed Harold to get reinforcements the following day but Harold was struck in the eye by an archer's arrow which soon ended the battle. The story is depicted in the Bayeaux Tapestry.